Grinding machine



Feb. 21, 1928. 1,660,291

M. BIRKIGT GRINDING MACHINE Filed June 26. 1925 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Feb. 21, 1928.

M. BIRKIGT GRINDING MACHINE Filed June 26, 1925 sivcly Patented Feb. 21, 1928.

UNITE? STATES N-i fe ric;

MARC BIRKIGT, or BOIS-COLOMBES, FRANCE.

GRINDING MACHINE.

Application filed June 26, 1925, Serial No. 39,803, and in Belgium July 14, 1924:. c

and it relates more particularly (since it is' in their case that its application seems to offer the greatest importance) but not eX- clusively, to cam shafts for explosion on gines. I f

It has for its chief object to enable the said articles to be manufactured in an accurate manner.

It consists, chiefly, in using, for the grinding of the articles of the kind in question, on the one hand, and as the template to be used on the grinding machine to be itself used for the said grinding, a template of a cross-section identical, as regards the dimensions as well as the shape, with that which the articles musthave after they have been machined, and on the other hand, in using, as the grinding machine, a grinding machine itself built in such a manner as regards its roller and its grinding wheel, that the said roller and the said grinding wheel should be of the same diameter. v p I Apart from this chief arrangement," it comprises certain other arrangements which are used preferably at the same time and are more explicitly referred'to in the following, na nely A first additional arrangement-exclurelating to articles which, like the cam shafts of explosion engines with several cylinders in line, have to be supported ina series of bearingsconsisting, in its turn, in using:

As the part intended to receive the said bearings, a part bored out cylindrically,

As the parts which constitute the said bearings, similar are turned exactly to the 5 mounted, they will be automatically concentric. i

it second additional arrangement consisting in its turn in using ,for they purpose of constituting the bearings which are to be provided 311 machines such as more partlcularly the grinding machmes, bearings, the cap of which is pivoted to their body (so as to enable it to be turned down relatively to parts which, at least as regards their portion to be utilized for their cylindrically bored part the latter) and comprising, I as means for securing the said cap tothe said foot, a qulck locking device (a pivoted rod with a spring locking system, etc.). i

It relates more particularly to a certain method of application (that in which the application is'made to the machining, or, more accurately, to the finishing, of the cam shafts for explosion engines), as well as to certain methods of carrying out (those which will be referredto in the following) the said arrangements; and it relates more particularly still,by way of new industrial products,

to grinding machinesor other machines com d prising the application of the same arrangements, to special elements suitable for building them, to articles obtained vby means of such grinding machines-or machines, to apparatus (engines, etc.) comprising such articles, as well as to installations, station ary or moving (namely aeroplanes), comprising such apparatus. 7

The invention will be clearly understood from the following descriptionand the accompanying drawings which, of course, are given chiefly by way of example. s

Figures 1, 2, 3 and a of the said drawings show, respectively, in vertical cross-section on line 1-1 of Figure 2;,in .vertical'longi tudinal section on line 22 of Figures 1 and 5; in partial vertical cross section on line 3-3 of Figure l; and in horizontal sect-ion ,on line 4 4 of Figure 2,-the oscillating cradle of a machine for grinding cam shafts for explosion engines, built according to the invention, aswell as certain of the accessories of the said cradle.

Figure 5 finally shows in front elevation,

As, to the template'to be used for the grinding in question, it is made-preferably,

by proceedingitothat'end as indicated inv copending patent application filed of even date with the present one, Serial No." I

89,802in such a manner that the two master cams Z and d with whichthe spindled is to be provided, should have the cross section,

both as regards the dimensions and shape,

constituting the said roller Z, preferablynot of a single roller, but a series of very easily interchangeable rollersone of Which has a diameter exactly equal to that of the grind ing Wheel before it has been USQCl,Wl1llSiJ the others have respectively very slightly sinaller diameters gradually decreasing, so as to make it possible to substitute them, one after anotherftor the preceding ones, as the grinding Wheel wears out and that it should be therefore possible to maintain the equality of diameter just mentioned, so to say forever. V

And to the other parts, With which the grinding machine is to be provided, they are themselves built in any desired suitable manner.

"Owing to Which, and as will. be readily understood Withoutany further explanation,

there Willbe obtained bv the machininu' in question, ca rn shafts, the corresponding cams of which are all as nearlyidentical as possible With each other.

And either the proceedingfor the manufacture of the grinding machine is as has been just described, or, and still better, the following arrangements are moreover used, namely separately.

The oscillating cradle 5, in vertical line with which has to be mounted the cam shaft to be 'ground, is constituted by a part- 5 which is eithersirnply bored or still better, also ground cylindrically in such a manner thatthe angle enclosed by the arc of circle which this part isthus made to have'as its section, should beat the outside equal to 180?. t 5 a For mounting the cam shaft to be ground on the said cradle 5, ll'lStGtlClOIf a simple pair of points, a series of bearings 6 which, at least as regards their portion to beused for their oWn niountingare turned or ground so as eachto have as thebearing; surface, a cylindrical surface of exactly the same diameter as that or" thesaid part 5.

The number of these hearings is preferably equal to that of the hearings to be utilized for mounting the said cam shaft on the engine for which it is intended, and moreover they are arranged on the part 5 exactly in the same Way as are arrangedinthe said engine thebearings mentioned inthe last instance.

Each of the bearings may be fixed in any suitable manner, for instance by means of a in Figure. the bearing 6 being", in the latter case, provided With a conduit tor the passage of the lubricant supplied by the lubricator bolt.

And the utilization, .lor the purpose of constituting the said oscillating cradle and bearings as Well as the other parts with Which the grinding machine is to be provided, of parts either sin'iply nore or less similar to those shovvn'in the. drawings, or exactly'identical with the latter, that is to say: of an oscillating cradle 5 which is of a lengthslightly greater than thesuin of the length of the cam shafts D to be machined, and of the length of the spindles alof the templates to be used. 7 i

The cradle 5 has at each oi its two ends a a, spindle 7 so as to enable it to pivot on brackets 8. i i i The cradle 5 has, moreover, at one of its said ends (that vvliich is shown on the left in ures :2 and 4s): apart 5 adapted to i receive the bearings 9 to be used for supporting the spindle d oif'the template to be used, The remainder of the length of the cradle 5 constitutes the above mentioned part 5 intendedto receive: the bearings 6 r for n'iounting the shattto be machined.

the same time as'the latter, in which case the said bearings 9 are, oi? course, themselves made in a corresponding iuang' er.

Two brackets 8 are anchored to thcgcne al bed of the grinding machine, and in which are supported effectively the spire dle 7. 1

":llwo bearings 9 are provided to play the part of tl'iebearings mentioned, each of which is fixed iirposition by means of a suitable part, :lor lliStHPCe by means of a boltlO. a a

The bearings are preferably made entirely cylindrical and moreover are each divided into two equal halves adapted to cons'titute, one, the body andthe other. the cap of the $211119, this body and this cap beingr preferably pivoted or hinged to each other bya kind of a shackle 12.

The body of each bearinh 6 has pivoted to it by means of a pin 13, a rod 14- the free end of which is introduced into a spring cage 15 having abottoin in the form of a spherical cap and with means such as the mounting and dismantling of a cam to rotate, which freedom to rotate canbe regulated by acting on theregulating system I J Sheet metal gear cases 17 are provided for protecting eachone ofthe said bearings 6-.

These gear cases are each preferablyhinged by means of a pin 18 to the bottom trontpart of the cradle 5 and terminate each in a part 19 which can be elastically hooked over a corresponding portion of the upper rear partot the said cradle;

Means are provided which, when the.

spindle (l or" a template and a cam shaft D have been mounted in their respective bearings, allow them to be interlocked as regards their angular movements, and this in such respective angular positionsas may be advisable.

These means are preferably constituted by a driving composite disc, in its turn constituted by a first disc 20 which, when a template spindle and a cam shaft are in place, can be keyed on that end of the said cam shaft, which adjoins the spindle d, and comprises elongated circular openings 21, a hub 22 and a radial fork 23 with two teeth. a

Saidineans also comprises a second discQ l which can be pivoted to the said hub 22 and i is provided with holes 25 which can be brought in vertical line under the elongated openings of the disc 20.' The disc 24: also has seats 26 to the number equal to 'thatofthe groups of cams with which the cam shafts to be machined are to be provided, and a radial projection 52'? adapted to'be placed between the two prongs or teeth of the said radial' fork 23 andplay' then to a certain extent between them.

Two screws 28 are adapted to concurrently with nuts, .t'or assembling the said discs together in these same respective angular positions. 1

A clamping collar 30 is secured,-during the mounting of a spindle d, on that of the ends of the latter, which is at the side, where shaft D, it is necessary to arrange'the'lat ter, the said collar comprising, along onejot .its generatrices, a boss 31 bored out in such a a manner that a driver 32 could be moved in it parallel to the common axis or" the bearmgsoi the spindle (Z and cam shait D.-

be screwed, the first one-into one, and'the" The'driver 32 is constructed in such a manner-that 'it can be moved, for instance by means of a rack eaten the same, and of a corresponding plIllQIl 83 whilst the collar 30 and the discs 20 and 2a are iniplace, to engage, without; play, with any of the said seats 26.

.An additional 'ii'aine 34 c an be secured the back of that of the two brackets 8, level with which is situated,as soon as the cradle 5 is in place, the part5" of the latter.

This frame '34 is of generally cylindrical shape and of the desired dimensions in order to receive the roller Z to be used; on the grinding machine, and is constructed, on the one hand, in such a manner that when a.

roller [has to be replacedby another, such operation may be effected very quickly, for

which reasonthemeans for mounting the.

said rollers can comprise two clamping collars 34 and 34 secured at either'side of the 'ITZLIDG 8%,and by a relatively long spinpull has been exerted on the projecting por tion of the same spindle in order to bringits otherend sufliciently back.

A device 34 for instance with rack and pinion which, owing to a linger: forming part of the .same, and to a groovepro'vided inthe rollers Z so that it can receive the said finger, can. move the said roller as is neces sary for bringing its level either with the mastercamd or 'with the master cam (Z of'the template'utilized.

Means are PIOVlClGClWlllCh, and wlien'a roller lie in place and=a template has-been mounted on the'oradle 5,canpush back thelatter elastically =in' sucha manner that the said template bears elastically against the said'roller, and onthe other hand, enables the said roller to he moved back to a su'hi- A telescopic cage consistingto move the template of two 'ele ments and 36,.and a spring tending to die 34 which makes it possible to put on itmove the respective botton'is' of the said two 5 elements away from each other. i when it is desired to put in place acam which is screw-threaded, witha nut 40 and has its forked end pivotechby means of a pin 42', to arms provided for the purpose on the bracket 8;

The lower element 36 of the telescopic cage is pivoted vby pins 4.3 in such a manner to the said prongsof'the fork of the lever 41, eccentrically to the said pins 42,,so that, as soon as the lever 41 is pushed towards the back of the grinding machine or pulled towards oneself, the desired movement of the cradle 5* is effected.

A brake is provided to resist the sudden movements to which the' spind lc ofthe template and the cam shaft which is being machinecl are liable to be exposed owing to the thrust exercised at certain moments of the operation, by the roller Z or the grinding brali'e' could be advan'" which, as soon as the template is inplace, 20'

can be secured by means of a clamping collar forming an integral part of the same, to 7 the end of the spindle (Z of the said template, opposite that at which is mounted the collar 30, and by a corresponding band 45,- and means 46 by means of which the action exercised by thesaid band on the said drum may be regulated.

Means are also provided which, when template and a cam shaft to be machined are in place, can rotate then, whilst at the same timeallowing of a longitudinal movement of the cradle 6:

Suchmeans" may comprise a spindle 417 connected in such a manner directly or through a speedreduci'ng gear (not shown) to a driving pulley 458 as: to be driven by the latter, the said spindle being mounted loosely on a bracket 49 arranged in such a manner that it should "be at a fairly great distance from the outer bearing 9 and that, when the cradle 5 occupies its mean working position,-

the geometrical axis of the said spindle 47 should be in line with the axis which is common to the said bearingi), to the other bearing 9 and to the bearings 6.

Such means may also comprise two parts 50 and 51 which canform seats respectively for a first Cardan block 52 and fo a second Cardan block 53, these parts berng secured,

one to the free end of the spindle 457, and the other, to the opposing face of the drum 45 (this of course assuming that the latter is utilized and constructed as hereinbeforc described). V

The Cardan blocks 52 and 53, are connected by a spindle 54. a Means (not shown) are provided for driving the spindle of the grinding wheel at the scribed in the above mentioned described has, among other advantages, of

being particularly practical, because it reproduces directly, that is to say without any mounted on itg and of enabling parts; of a very remarkable precision to be obtained,

this precision being extreme if the said templates themselves have been prepared as depatentapplication.

It oes without sa inm anditaooears besides from the preceding, that the invention is by no means limited .to that of its methods of application or to those of the method of building itsvarious parts, which have been, more particularly indicated, but

comprises on the contrary anymodification.

Claims 1. In apparatus for grinding articles and particularly Camshafts for explosionengines with several cylinders in line, a. hearing support for the cam shaft toheanachined, saidbearing support having a cylindrical bored-out part to receive a plurali ty of bearings for the cam shaft, said bean, ings being, at least on a portion of their outer surface, cylindrica-lly turned whereby they may rotate in the bored-out portionof the bearing support after they are-set up therein and have brought the cam shaft into position, I 1

2. Inapparatus for grinding articles and particularly cam shafts for explosion ongines with several cylinders; in line, bearings to cooperate. with the bearingfrjgoiu'nals on the cam shaft and thereby support said shaft during grinding of the cams it thereon, each heating comprising a supporting section and a cap section, a shackle forming a hinged connection between said bearing sections, a bar pivotally connected to one of the bearing sections diametrically op posite to said shackle, a spring cage arranged to-receive the free end ofsaid pivoted bar and having a spring therein which acts to close the bearing sections upon the respective journal of the cam shaft, and means for regulating the action of said spring.

3. In grinding apparatus provided with a pattern shaft adapted to becoupled to a cam shaftto be ground, coupling means comprising a bolt supported on the pattern shaftand movable in a direction substantial-- ly parallel to the longitudinal axis of said attern shaft a air of cou-linn discs one of said discs having a recess therein adapted to I-GCQIVG said bolt, means operable to clamp said discs together in any one ofa plurality of relative angular positions, and means operable to attach said discs to a cam shaft to be ground.

In testimony whereof I my hand. 7 a

a MARC BIRKIGT.

have hereunto set i 

